I urged a master's thesis at the College of Engineering at the University of Basrah entitled (An educational platform based on PLC and HMI to understand solar panels)

The thesis presented by the student, Maitham Ali Fadel, included building a training laboratory platform based on the programmable controller (PLC), the HMI screen, and other equipment, circuit and load circuit breakers, and voltage and current transmitters.

To simulate the photovoltaic model, one diode model was adopted in the ideal case and two working states, in the ideal case the series and parallel resistances were neglected,

In the first valid practical case of a single-chain photovoltaic system, only the effect of series resistance was taken

In the second practical case, in which the photovoltaic system consists of of connected parallel series, each of series and parallel resistance is taken into account.

The message aims to build a training laboratory platform used to train students practically on topics related to solar energy systems (solar cells). In addition to several topics that students can follow in the proposed platform, they are: simulating the behavior of solar cells and solar panels, simulations of the most famous techniques for tracking the maximum capacity of solar panels, examining solar panels after connecting them to the platform, diagnosing their characteristics and presenting the important points in them.

, Implementation of techniques for tracking the maximum capacity of solar panels in real time.

The thesis concluded that the proposed platform can be used as an experimental platform for solar energy topics in laboratories to support theoretical teaching.