A master’s thesis at the College of Engineering at the University of Basrah (Design and Application of Reconfigurable Printed Antennas for Use in Perceptual Radio Systems Applications) was conducted by Ali Adnan Muhammad. Two types were presented, including the first type is a two-port interlocking antenna system that contains two different structures for unipolar antenna systems, one for broadband spectral sensing and the other is a reconfigurable antenna with a triangular radiator to achieve communication with other radio equipment and the antenna is reconfigured using a switch Dual PIN type where operating frequencies were obtained in any of the four sub-bands 3.5GHZ and 8.85GHZ when turned on or 5.4GHZ and 9GHZ when turned off. Rectangular dual-band modulation by controlling the length of a band connected to an antenna body by means of two PIN diodes,

The second type is a single-port perceptual antenna system with an underlayment and has been verified by two different designs. The first design is a fabricated, reconfigured grooved band unipolar antenna with an area of ​​(30 x 30) mm, and the second design is a single antenna. The pole has single or double grooves.

The four antenna systems were simulated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software package that uses Finite Integration Technology (FIT) for electromagnetic calculations.